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Photo: Northland sits in the ice. A ladder extends to the top of the ice, while a long rope is seen extending forward from it in a winding path through the ice.

America’s first ice ships and icebreakers

From fragile wooden hulls of the Age of Sail to the steel giants of the early 20th century, the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service—and later the Coast Guard—evolved to meet the icy challenges of America’s northern waterways. As steam power and steel hulls unlocked frozen frontiers, cutters shifted from surviving the winter to breaking its grip. Discover how daring missions, innovative ship design, and a presidential mandate forged the legacy of America’s first icebreakers.